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1 # The GNU Free Documentation License. 2 #+begin_center 3 Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 4 #+end_center 5 6 # This file is intended to be included within another document. 7 8 #+begin_verse 9 Copyright \copy{} 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 10 https://fsf.org/ 11 12 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 13 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 14 #+end_verse 15 16 0. [@0] PREAMBLE 17 18 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 19 functional and useful document @@texinfo:@dfn{@@free@@texinfo:}@@ 20 in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom 21 to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either 22 commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License 23 preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for 24 their work, while not being considered responsible for 25 modifications made by others. 26 27 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative 28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. 29 It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft 30 license designed for free software. 31 32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for 33 free software, because free software needs free documentation: 34 a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms 35 that the software does. But this License is not limited to 36 software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless 37 of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We 38 recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is 39 instruction or reference. 40 41 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 42 43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, 44 that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can 45 be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice 46 grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, 47 to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The 48 "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member 49 of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept 50 the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way 51 requiring permission under copyright law. 52 53 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the 54 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 55 modifications and/or translated into another language. 56 57 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section 58 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 59 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall 60 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could 61 fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document 62 is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not 63 explain any mathematics.) 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If the Document does not identify 74 any Invariant Sections then there are none. 75 76 The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are 77 listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice 78 that says that the Document is released under this License. 79 A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text 80 may be at most 25 words. 81 82 A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 83 represented in a format whose specification is available to the 84 general public, that is suitable for revising the document 85 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed 86 of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely 87 available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text 88 formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats 89 suitable for input to text formatters. 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For 110 works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title 111 Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the 112 work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. 113 114 The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies 115 of the Document to the public. 116 117 A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document 118 whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses 119 following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ 120 stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as 121 "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) 122 To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the 123 Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according 124 to this definition. 125 126 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice 127 which states that this License applies to the Document. These 128 Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in 129 this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other 130 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and 131 has no effect on the meaning of this License. 132 133 2. VERBATIM COPYING 134 135 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 136 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 137 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License 138 applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you 139 add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You 140 may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading 141 or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, 142 you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. 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Copying with changes limited to the covers, as 161 long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these 162 conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. 163 164 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 165 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 166 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto 167 adjacent pages. 168 169 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document 170 numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable 171 Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with 172 each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general 173 network-using public has access to download using public-standard 174 network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free 175 of added material. 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MODIFICATIONS 188 189 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document 190 under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you 191 release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the 192 Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing 193 distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever 194 possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in 195 the Modified Version: 196 197 #+attr_texinfo: :enum A 198 1. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title 199 distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous 200 versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the 201 History section of the Document). You may use the same title as 202 a previous version if the original publisher of that version 203 gives permission. 204 205 2. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or 206 entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the 207 Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal 208 authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has 209 fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. 210 211 3. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the 212 Modified Version, as the publisher. 213 214 4. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 215 216 5. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 217 adjacent to the other copyright notices. 218 219 6. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license 220 notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version 221 under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the 222 Addendum below. 223 224 7. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant 225 Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's 226 license notice. 227 228 8. Include an unaltered copy of this License. 229 230 9. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and 231 add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, 232 and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title 233 Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, 234 create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of 235 the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item 236 describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous 237 sentence. 238 239 10. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document 240 for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and 241 likewise the network locations given in the Document for 242 previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the 243 "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work 244 that was published at least four years before the Document 245 itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers 246 to gives permission. 247 248 11. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", 249 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section 250 all the substance and tone of each of the contributor 251 acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. 252 253 12. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered 254 in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the 255 equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. 256 257 13. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may 258 not be included in the Modified Version. 259 260 14. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled 261 "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant 262 Section. 263 264 15. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 265 266 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or 267 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material 268 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all 269 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the 270 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. 271 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 272 273 You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains 274 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 275 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 276 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 277 standard. 278 279 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 280 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 281 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of 282 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or 283 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already 284 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or 285 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, 286 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit 287 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. 288 289 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 290 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 291 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 292 293 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 294 295 You may combine the Document with other documents released under 296 this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for 297 modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all 298 of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, 299 unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your 300 combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all 301 their Warranty Disclaimers. 302 303 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 304 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 305 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name 306 but different contents, make the title of each such section unique 307 by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the 308 original author or publisher of that section if known, or else 309 a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in 310 the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the 311 combined work. 312 313 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled 314 "History" in the various original documents, forming one section 315 Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled 316 "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You 317 must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." 318 319 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 320 321 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other 322 documents released under this License, and replace the individual 323 copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy 324 that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the 325 rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents 326 in all other respects. 327 328 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and 329 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert 330 a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this 331 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that 332 document. 333 334 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 335 336 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other 337 separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of 338 a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the 339 copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the 340 legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual 341 works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this 342 License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which 343 are not themselves derivative works of the Document. 344 345 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these 346 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half 347 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed 348 on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the 349 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic 350 form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket 351 the whole aggregate. 352 353 8. TRANSLATION 354 355 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 356 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of 357 section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires 358 special permission from their copyright holders, but you may 359 include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition 360 to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may 361 include a translation of this License, and all the license notices 362 in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you 363 also include the original English version of this License and the 364 original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of 365 a disagreement between the translation and the original version of 366 this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will 367 prevail. 368 369 If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", 370 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to 371 Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the 372 actual title. 373 374 9. TERMINATION 375 376 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document 377 except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 378 otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, 379 and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 380 381 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your 382 license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) 383 provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and 384 finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the 385 copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some 386 reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation. 387 388 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is 389 reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the 390 violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have 391 received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from 392 that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days 393 after your receipt of the notice. 394 395 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate 396 the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you 397 under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not 398 permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the 399 same material does not give you any rights to use it. 400 401 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 402 403 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of 404 the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new 405 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may 406 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See 407 https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. 408 409 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version 410 number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered 411 version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you 412 have the option of following the terms and conditions either of 413 that specified version or of any later version that has been 414 published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If 415 the Document does not specify a version number of this License, 416 you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the 417 Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy 418 can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that 419 proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently 420 authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. 421 422 11. RELICENSING 423 424 "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any 425 World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also 426 provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. 427 A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such 428 a server. A "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") 429 contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus 430 published on the MMC site. 431 432 "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 433 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, 434 a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in 435 San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of 436 that license published by that same organization. 437 438 "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole 439 or in part, as part of another Document. 440 441 An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this 442 License, and if all works that were first published under this 443 License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently 444 incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover 445 texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior 446 to November 1, 2008. 447 448 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the 449 site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 450 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. 451 452 #+texinfo: @page 453 454 * ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 455 :PROPERTIES: 456 :UNNUMBERED: notoc 457 :END: 458 459 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 460 the License in the document and put the following copyright and 461 license notices just after the title page: 462 463 #+begin_example 464 Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. 465 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 466 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 467 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 468 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover 469 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU 470 Free Documentation License''. 471 #+end_example 472 473 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 474 replace the "with...Texts."\nbsp{}line with this: 475 476 #+begin_example 477 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with 478 the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts 479 being LIST. 480 #+end_example 481 482 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 483 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 484 situation. 485 486 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 487 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of 488 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to 489 permit their use in free software. 490